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In high speed lines and trains the process occurs without risk of damages.
That's how it was invented. They must have a point. Two small East Central European states. It is not enough for every locomotive to have 4 pantographs. That way, you don't have to change pantographs when passing through. The high-speed line is just a distant dream.
Please note that the thread was specifically aimed at Czech and Slovak national characteristics. If the pantograph was damaged, after lifting the locomotive, the pantograph should be replaced and put back into operation.
But this only happened if the train driver did not pay attention to the signs warning about the change of mode. So relatively rarely. Which could not be said about me.
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the OR route is suitably equipped with markers (the Roma-Napoli is)
Does this system also recognize zero voltage? I mean that we have places where there is no voltage in the overhead line. Because there is no adequate protective distance between the overhead line and the bottom of the overpass.
Or at a phase boundary. An electrical switchboard can feed three sections with R S T phases. Between two phases, there is a zero-voltage section of ~75 meters (the distance between two wire support poles). Only switch off the main circuit breaker. If there is overhead line voltage again, switch the main circuit breaker back on.
Or because the branch railway line is not yet equipped with an overhead line.
Sincerely, Laci1959